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Glossary
Acetonitrile
- Organic solvent
African sleeping sickness
- Infection caused by trypanosome parasites. These are protozoa (single-cell organisms) that are transmitted by tsetse fly bites.
AOX
- Adsorbable organic halogen compounds; X stands for the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. This parameter, which is determined according to a standardized process, indicates the total level of pollution in a body of water with these organic halogen compounds, expressed in terms of chloride concentration. Organic halogen compounds are toxic and / or have poor biodegradation.
Beta-amyloid deposits
- Extensive amyloid deposits in the brain – also known as plaques – are often found in older people and are a pathological hallmark of disease in Alzheimer’s patients.
Bt genes
- Bacillus thuringiensis are soil bacteria which form a toxic protein for harmful insects. Insect resistances in plants are thereby produced with the aid of genetic engineering processes.
Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index (CDLI)
- The Carbon Disclosure Project is an independent not-for-profit organization that collects climate-relevant information from companies on behalf of analysts and investors. The Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index (CDLI) has been published as part of the Carbon Disclosure Project since 2007. Criteria for the CDLI ranking comprise the level and quality of disclosure of climate-relevant data and reporting on long-term climate strategy, ambitious objectives and specific
achievements in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Carbon nanotubes
- Carbon nanotubes, also known as CNT, are microscopic tubeshaped structures (molecular nanotubes) made of carbon.
Chagas disease
- Chagas (South American trypanosomiasis) is an infectious disease caused by parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi). It is transmitted to humans by so-called assassin bugs (Reduviidae).
Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX)
- The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) is a voluntary greenhouse gas trading system in the United States in which 350 companies, universities and associations have undertaken to lower their joint greenhousegas emissions by 6% between 2003 and 2010. Bayer Corporation is a member of the initiative.
Compliance definitions
- Corporate compliance comprises the observance of statutory and company regulations on lawful and responsible conduct by the company, its employees
and its management and supervisory bodies. Compliance with respect to drug safety comprises the observation of regulatory requirements in quality assurance and monitoring of the risk-benefit ratio in human and veterinary medicine.
Corporate citizenship
- Social responsibility by companies looking to position themselves as “good citizens”
Corporate volunteering
- Corporate volunteering (CV) describes the support given by employers to employees looking to become civically involved in social, cultural or other projects.
Diversity
- Diversity designates the variation within the workforce in terms of gender, origin, nationality, age, religion and physical limitations.
EMAS
- EMAS is short for Eco Management and Audit Scheme, also known as E.U. Eco-Audit or Eco-Audit. It is an E.U. regulation. Introduction of EMAS is voluntary. Examples of organizations that can be certified are industrial companies, service providers and administrative centers.
Energy use (calculated in petajoules)
- Unit of labor, energy and heat volume (1 joule = 1 watt x second = 0.2239 calories; 1 petajoule = 1015 joules)
External Adverse Incident Guideline
- This guideline governs global internal reporting channels in the event of unexpected incidents involving Bayer CropScience products.
GHG Protocol
- The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is a standard tool for the registration and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. The various standards summarized in the GHG Protocol were developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resources Institute (WRI).
GHS
- Globally Harmonized System for the classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures; (Regulation (EC) No. 1272 / 2008) is in effect since January 20, 2009
Global Product Strategy
- Based on the objectives of the United Nations, the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) took the initiative and established the Global Product Strategy (GPS). The aim of the GPS initiative is to improve and standardize the level of product stewardship in the chemical industry worldwide.
GMOs
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are those whose hereditary disposition has been specifically altered through genetic engineering methods.
Green IT
- Efficiency-raising and resource-conserving measures in the information and communications technology sector for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Green Supply Chain & Logistics
- “Green supply chain” is an approach aimed at optimizing the value chain in terms of climate and cost aspects.
H1N1
- Influenza virus. This influenza pathogen was first isolated in pigs. It can affect both animals and humans. It is a single-strand RNA (ribonucleic acid) virus. “H1” and “N1” stand for the specific surface antigens of the virus, the hemagglutinin H1 and the neuraminidase N1.
Human biomonitoring
- Human biomonitoring is a tool used in environmental and occupational medicine that enables the concentrations of internal exposure to harmful substances in the environment or workplace to be determined in blood, urine or other biological material.
IEA
- The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an inter-governmental organization that advises 28 member states on energy policy issues.
Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC)
- Initially established as a research consortium in November 2005, the Innovative Vector Control Consortium has now evolved into a Product Development Partnership (PDP). In 2008, it received the status of a not-for-profit British registered charity. The IVCC brings expertise and technical resources together
with the goal of overcoming barriers to innovation in the development of new insecticides and information systems for improved vector control in health care.
ISO 14001
- International standard specifying requirements for environmental management systems
Millennium Development Goals
- In 2000, high-ranking representatives from 189 countries adopted the Millennium Declaration at a UN summit in New York. This describes the global challenges
and agenda for international politics at the beginning of the 21st century. Eight internationally agreed objectives, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
were derived from the Declaration and assigned specific targets and indicators. These goals, such as eradicating poverty, maintaining peace and protecting the
environment, should be achieved by 2015. The UN is monitoring the implementation of the Millennium Declaration.
Neonicotinoids
- Neonicotinoids (synthetically manufactured nicotine-like active substances) are highly effective insecticides which protect plants from biting or sucking insects when applied as sprays or seed dressings.
OHSAS 18001
- OHSAS 18001 stands for the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series, which contains requirements for occupational health and safety management systems.
Open innovation approach
- The open innovation approach describes the optimization and opening up of the innovation processes of companies and thus the active strategic use of outside sources to expand one’s own innovation potential.
Ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
- Ozone-depleting substances include fluorochlorohydrocarbons, other fully halogenated fluorochlorohydrocarbons, halons, tetrachlorocarbon, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methyl bromide, partially halogenated fluorobromohydrocarbons and partially halogenated fluorochlorohydrocarbons. The successive discontinuation of their use was resolved in 1987 by the Montreal Protocol.
Phase I-III studies
- Phase I-III studies are phases in the clinical development of a drug product. The candidate active substance is tested in healthy subjects (with the exception of oncology) in Phase I, and in sick patients in Phases II and III. The studies are bound to strict legal requirements and documentation obligations.
Phosphorus/Phosphate
- Phosphorus is a non-metal that occurs in white, red and black form. The white and red forms are insoluble in water.
Plug & Play
- Plug & Play is a computer technology term designating the possibility of connecting new devices to the computer without the need to install drivers or alter settings. Contour® USB from Bayer is a Plug & Play measuring device directly containing the diabetes data management software for the computer.
Positron emission tomography (PET)
- Positron emission tomography is a nuclear medicine imaging process that produces cross-sections of living organisms by visualizing the distribution of a
weakly radioactively marked substance in the organism. Depending on the selection and binding capacity of the radioactively marked substance, specific molecular structures such as receptors can thereby be made visible in vivo.
Product stewardship
- The monitoring of a product over its entire life cycle as an integral element of activities that satisfy the principles of sustainable development and Responsible Care
Regulatory affairs
- Matters concerning the registration of pharmaceutical products
Responsible Care
- For the chemical industry, Responsible Care (RC) means an obligation to act responsibly. The goal is a voluntary commitment to do more than just what is prescribed: e.g. to promote sustainability, demonstrate product stewardship, increase safety for sites and the local community and improve health protection at the workplace and environmental protection.
Retrospective studies
- Clinical research studies that analyze previous history from the perspective of the present.
SBCI
- The Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative (SBCI) is a UNEP program. The business model of the Bayer EcoCommercial Building has been included in the initiative as an innovative business model for integrated energy and material solutions ranging right up to zero-emission buildings.
Seed Treatment Application Center
- The Seed Treatment Application Center (STAC) in Monheim is a center of expertise for seed treatment applications technology that offers consulting, technical services, support and training for customers.
Stress-induced gene (PARP-...)
- The poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase gene reduces stress-induced energy consumption and protects plants against stress.
Telepresence
- A type of videoconference that enables lifelike, one-on-one communication across great distances through high-resolution communication solutions.
Total organic carbon (TOC)
- Total volume of organically bound carbon in water
UNEP
- The United Nations Environment Programme was founded in 1972 and is based in Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP is a suborgan of the un General Assembly.
Varroa mite
- Varroa mites destroy bee colonies by biting through the chitinous exoskeleton and sucking out the bees’ blood.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
- Volatile organic compounds are gaseous chemicals that contribute to smog or ozone formation. These enter the environment primarily from production processes, waste incineration or fuel consumption.
World Contraception Day
- This is an annual event held around the world on September 26 with the aim of increasing awareness and knowledge of contraception. It was initiated by 10 organizations to promote sexual health and family planning. The initiatives and forums are supported by the Internet site www.your-life.com